A Will is a legal document in which a person (called the Testator or Testatrix) declares how they want their property to be distributed after their death. It records their intentions clearly so that there is no doubt about how their assets should be dealt with.

(Note: “they/their” is used as a gender-neutral singular pronoun.)

Yes. A Will can be written on plain paper - stamp paper is not required, and no stamp duty is payable.

What matters is that the Will is:

• Signed by the person making it (the Testator/Testatrix), and

• Witnessed by two independent witnesses.

The Will must also comply with the requirements of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, which sets out the legal rules for making a valid Will.

No. Registration of a Will is not compulsory under Indian law.

However, registering a Will can be helpful - especially for senior citizens or in families where disputes are likely - as it adds an additional layer of authenticity and reduces the chances of the Will being challenged later.

Legally, a Will is required to be signed only on the execution page, where the Testator/Testatrix signs in the presence of two witnesses.

There is no legal requirement to sign every page. The law only requires that the Will be signed in a manner that shows it was intended to operate as the person’s Will.

However, as a good practice - especially since Wills are usually typed and printed - it is advisable to sign or initial each page. This helps prevent allegations of pages being added, removed, or altered later.

No. A beneficiary should not be a witness to the Will.

Under Indian law, if a beneficiary (or their spouse) acts as a witness, the Will itself remains valid, but the gift to that beneficiary becomes void. Therefore, witnesses must be people who do not receive anything under the Will.

Yes. You can change or cancel your Will at any time, as long as you have the mental capacity and free agency to do so.

This can be done by:

• Making a new Will, or

• Adding a Codicil, which is a formal amendment to the existing Will.

In all cases, the most recent valid Will is the one that takes effect after your death.

No. A doctor’s certificate is not legally required when making a Will.

However, attaching a certificate that confirms the Testator’s mental fitness can be helpful, especially for elderly individuals or in situations where the Will may be challenged. It serves as supporting evidence that the person was of sound mind and understood the contents of the Will at the time of signing.

There is no fixed timeline for updating a Will, but it should be reviewed whenever there is a significant change in your life or assets. You should consider updating your Will when:

✔ You buy or sell major assets (e.g., property, business interests, investments) ✔ You get married, divorced, or enter a second marriage ✔ A child or grandchild is born ✔ An executor, guardian, or beneficiary needs to be changed ✔ There is a change in your residence or family structure ✔ You experience any major change in financial or personal circumstances

Regular reviews ensure that your Will accurately reflects your current wishes.

Yes. You can write a Will yourself - whether handwritten or typed - as long as it is properly signed by you and witnessed by two independent witnesses. A lawyer is not legally required for making a valid Will.

However, consulting a lawyer can offer several benefits, such as:

• Ensuring the Will complies with the Indian Succession Act, 1925

• Avoiding ambiguous language or drafting errors

• Structuring bequests clearly, especially for complex assets

• Guidance on appointing executors, guardians, and trustees

• Ensuring the Will does not conflict with nominations, joint ownership, or family arrangements

• Reducing the risk of disputes or challenges later

A lawyer’s involvement helps ensure your Will is comprehensive, enforceable, and aligned with your intentions.

If a person dies without making a Will, their property is distributed according to the applicable personal succession laws - for example, the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, the Indian Succession Act, 1925, or the relevant laws governing Muslims, Parsis, or Christians, depending on the individual’s faith.

Since there is no appointed executor, the family may also need to apply to the court for Letters of Administration, which authorise someone to manage and distribute the estate as per the law.

No. Under Indian law, a Will cannot be validly made only in digital form or by email.

The Indian Succession Act, 1925 (Section 63) requires that a Will must be:

• Physically signed by the Testator/Testatrix, and

• Attested by two witnesses, who sign in the presence of the Testator.

While a Will may be typed or drafted digitally, it becomes legally valid only when it is printed, physically signed, and properly witnessed. At present, fully digital or electronic Wills are not formally recognised under Indian law.